The Difference Between Deflagration and Detonation

Combustion (burning) is a process by which energy is released. Deflagration and detonation are two ways energy may be released. If the combustion process propagates outward at subsonic speeds (slower than the speed of sound), its a deflagration. If the explosion moves outward at supersonic speeds (faster than the speed of sound), its a detonation. While the action of deflagration is to push the air in front it, objects do not explode because the rate of combustion is relatively slow. Because the action of detonation is so rapid, however, detonations result in shattering or pulverizing objects in their path. Deflagration The definition of deflagration, according  to the Collins English Dictionary is a fire in which a flame travels rapidly, but at subsonic speed, through a gas.  Deflagration  is an explosion in which the speed of burning is lower than the speed of sound in the surroundings. Everyday fire and most controlled explosions are examples of deflagration. The flame propagation velocity is less than 100 meters per second (usually much lower), and the overpressure is less than 0.5 bar. Because it is controllable, deflagration can be harnessed to do work. Examples of deflagrations include: internal combustion engine (used in any vehicle that uses fossil fuels such as gasoline, oil, or diesel fuel)gas stove (fueled with natural gas)fireworks and other pyrotechnicsgunpowder in a firearm Deflagration burns outward radially and requires fuel to spread. Thus, for example, a wildfire starts with a single spark and then expands in a circular pattern if there is fuel available. If there is no fuel, the fire simply burns out. The speed at which deflagration moves depends upon the quality of the available fuel. Detonation The word detonation means to thunder down, or explode. When a decomposition reaction or combination reaction releases a lot of energy in a very short span of time, an explosion may occur.  A detonation is a dramatic, often destructive, form of an explosion. It is characterized by a supersonic exothermic front (in excess of 100 m/s up to 2000 m/s) and significant overpressure (up to 20 bars). The front drives a shockwave ahead of it. Although technically a form of oxidation reaction, a detonation doesnt require combination with oxygen. Unstable molecules release considerable energy when they split and recombine into new forms. Examples of chemicals that produce detonations include any high explosives, such as: TNT (trinitrotoluene)nitroglycerinedynamitepicric acidC4 Detonations, of course, can be used in explosive weapons such as nuclear bombs. They are also (in a much more controlled manner) used in mining, road construction, and the destruction of buildings or structures.   Deflagration to Detonation Transition In some situations, a subsonic flame may accelerate into a supersonic flame. This deflagration to detonation is difficult to predict but occurs most often when eddy currents or other turbulence are present in the flames. This can happen if the fire is partially confined or obstructed. Such events have occurred in industrial sites where extremely combustible gasses have escaped, and when ordinary deflagration fires encounter explosive materials.

My Views On Architecture And Architecture - 1535 Words

Modern Architecture Architecture is the foundation for how we live and shows expression of how we think. It returns our moulding of the world in order to inhabit it and the geometry of what we build is far from neutral. I chose to explore and research Longford Cinema which is located in the Greater Manchester suburb of Stretford. This astonishing building lies on the junction of Chester Road and Edge Lane, opposite Streford Mall. Designed by the architect Henry Elder. Longford Cinema is an astonishing Art Deco, modernist architecture. In this writing I will look at the building in detail and the architect behind the building’s design. Furthermore I will express my views on modernist architecture. Henry Elder, of Roberts, Wood and Elder of Manchester, the architect behind the design of Longford Cinema. Built with a narrow red brick with faience tiled facade, with the roof concealed by tall brick wall, Art Deco style. The auditorium is set-back, with a long foyer passage leading to Chester Road entrance and a shorter link to the secondary entrance on Edge Lane, surrounded by contemporary buildings. Henry Elder designed the Chester entrance to resemble a cash register, which was intended to symbolise the business aspect of show business. This makes the building one of the most visually and interesting landmarks of the town of Stretford. With stepped convex surface curving upwards and backwards then attached but advance rib rising with less curvature designed to carryShow MoreRelatedThe Most Important Influence On An Scholarly Work1318 Words   |  6 Pagesimportant influence on my decision to pursue scholarly work has been my professors. Several professors at Rice helped me ref ine my interests and focus my life goals, and since coming to Harvard the faculty have provided me with renewed motivation and a model for innovative scholarship. 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Response Writing free essay sample

â€Å"The Cove† – a documentary film by Louie Psihoyos The Oscar winning documentary film â€Å"The Cove†, directed by Louie Psihoyos, exposes the annual massacre of 23,000 small cetaceans in the National Park Taiji, Japan. Even though the trade of dolphins whether using them alive for entertainment purposes is unethical and selling their toxic meat is dangerous for the health, the Japanese authorities are supporting it with all possible means. The Japanese government is not only preventing any publicity about the dolphin slaughter, but it is also bribing the International Whaling Committee, which is supposed to control the trade of cetaceans and protect the rights of the marine mammals. Consequently, the crew of volunteers led by the ex-dolphin trainer and current animal rights activist Ric O’Barry is prevented from legally filming the fisher men at Taiji. Armed† with sophisticated technology, the volunteers risk their safety, and despite the fishermen harassing them, and the police following them one step behind, successfully document the brutal killing of the dolphins. We will write a custom essay sample on Response Writing or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Every single scene in the documentary â€Å"The Cove† is overwhelming. One after the other the facts about the dolphin slaughter add up to a truth which is difficult to accept. A wide range of human arrogance, cruelty, and irresponsibility flourishes in this beautiful, almost magic National Park in Japan. Throughout the film, I felt angry, sad, feeling sorry for the helpless dolphins until the scene where the director shows the actual killing taking place. The scenes were so disturbing: the water colored bright red from the dolphin’s blood, the dolphins, dying slowly and painfully, the fishermen walking over them. I wanted to run out, to close my eyes. However, at this moment I felt sorry, but this time for myself. How hypocritical am I to feel disturbed by the cruelty of the fishermen, when tonight I am going to sit down on the table and enjoy a beef steak as if everything was alright. Is not the cow that I am serving to my family also raised without humanity, and then killed with a cruelty with electricity or with a bolt pistol? Most importantly, I am sponsoring this. How conveniently and easy is to forget what stands behind the products I buy. When I buy something, am not just contributing, but catually causing this industry to exist. The words of Rick O’Barry about himself facing the truth about keeping dolphins captive still sound in my head: â€Å"†¦as ignorant as I could be, for as long as I could be. The movie shows just a fraction of the monster that we keep in our closet. It is not just about the dolphin massacre in Taiji, it is about the fact that from all the 7 billion people on earth there is several people, who are desperately struggling, trying to find a way to stop it. The film ends with Ric O’Barry, standing alone on a plaza, with a monitor projecting the killing of dolphins in Taiji, hundreds of people pass by, just few stop to ask. This image is like burned in my mind and I hope that it will remind me next time not to conveniently forget.

The Wrestling Phenomenon Essays - WWE Hall Of Fame,

The Wrestling Phenomenon I would just like to start out and say that I don't think that watching wrestling on television is worth while. I can't understand how millions of people sit around their living rooms watching a bunch of muscle-bound wanna be jocks play fight and talk *censored*. IT'S NOT REAL! What else do I have to say? The wrestlers and the officials admit it. The couch potatoes that watch this garbage are drawn in by the story of all things. You see, there is an ongoing saga behind every pseudo-body slam. None of it is real though, none of the trash talking, partnerships, or the fighting is real. Even so, people still are addicted to it. Wrestling today is bigger than it has ever been before. It is constantly ranked first on the Neilson Ratings (along with 2nd, 3rd, and so on until 7th). So, my question is, why is this phony wrestling so popular? Professional wrestling is one of the many worthless products of the 1980's. It had it's time in the spotlight in the mid to late 80's with super-stars like Hulk Hogan and Andr? The Giant. Then faded along with eight tracks and wine coolers. The difference, wrestlers along with the officials swore that every move was real. Every time Hulk Hogan fake-punched his opponent while simotaniously stomping his foot on the floor to create the illusion that he actually hit him, was supposed to be real. As the 90's rolled in wrestling took a bout of silence. For an instant I thought that people had found the same thing that I had, a remote control, and changed the channel. We aren't that lucky though because it is back, WWF and WCW are more popular than ever. The WCW and the WWF are not offiliated though. The WCW consists of has been super stars like Hulk Hogan, now known as Hollywood Hogan, and Rick Flair. On the other hand the WWF hasa new fresh redneck blood like Stone Cold Steve Austin and h is archival Kane. Only the WWF gives drug tests to it's participants, which is funny because all the old has beens have had a history of steroid use then quit, but now they are as ripped as they have ever been... hmmm sounds fishy. Most of the wrestling fan base watches the WWF, the fans say that it has a better story line and more appealing characters. While the WCW just has old burnouts who are hooked on steroids and can't write a simple script. At a time when Jerry Springer's ratings are at an all time high, it does not surprise me that people may occasionally tune into something like pro-wrestling, but week after week just seems like too much. According to Time.com, ...about 34 million people watch wrestling every week.(Time, 1999) People who watch television these days want to see violence, they want to see controversy and conflict. The ironic thing is that the WWF and the WCW boast about themselves being non-violent and a family oriented program because all the wrestling is staged. However, according to Entertainment Weekly, ...in 50 episodes of WWF RAW is War on the USA network featured 42 instances of simulated drug or alcohol use or possession; 1,658 instances of wrestlers grabbing or pointing to their crotches... (EW, 1999) now, how family oriented is talking about drugs while grabbing your crotch? They buy into this nighttime soap opera of a sport, knowing that it is actually just like any other action-adventure wit h little plot of conflict and resolution. Of a two hour program, only about a half an hour is devoted to actual wrestling matches. You must wade through the countless trash talking, advertisements, and amateur fights before you finally get to a main event which will, of course have the outcome predetermined by the participants. Now the WWF and the WCW are everywhere, there is tons of merchandise from shirts to video games, and they are all over the Internet. The official sight of the WWF (WWF.com) has had a traffic increase of 300 percent just since April 1998.(cnn.com) Each sight is about the same, they give the latest news and profile a select few wrestlers. The obvious rivalry between